Communication TwFs

Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages.

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A message is what the sender wishes the receiver to understand. It includes ideas, information, feelings, intentions, or requests.

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1. The two main roles are sender and receiver.
2. The sender’s job is to encode their meaning and craft a message the receiver can understand.
3. The receiver’s job is to decode the message and respond in the best way.

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A channel is the path a message travels from sender to receiver. It can be: - Physical (air for spoken words, paper for writing) - Technological (text messages, email, social media) - Nonverbal pathways (facial expressions, gestures)

The key idea: The channel is how the message gets there.

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A sender constructs a message using codes and channels the receiver can understand. Common resources include:

• Words and language
• Symbols and visual cues
• Tone of voice and vocal features (pitch, pace, volume)
• Body language (posture, gestures, eye contact, facial expression)
• Medium-specific elements (images, diagrams, emojis, formatting)

Essence → The sender chooses forms of expression that fit the receiver and support the sender’s intended meaning and purposes.

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The sender’s job is to:

• Decide the meaning they want the receiver to understand.
• Clarify the purpose(s) of the message (e.g., inform, request, persuade, connect).
• Craft the message so the intended meaning and purposes are easy for the receiver to understand.
• Choose words, symbols, tone, and nonverbal cues that support clarity and accuracy.

Essence → Create a message that the receiver can accurately decode and respond to in the best way.

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The receiver’s job is to:

• Accurately decode the sender’s intended meaning.
• Infer the sender’s purpose(s) (e.g., inform, request, persuade, connect).
• Respond in the best way, supporting mutual understanding and shared goals.
• Use active listening and clarifying questions when unsure of the meaning.

Essence → Understand what the sender means and wants — and respond in a way that moves the communication forward effectively.

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Definitions:

Cognitive content → the factual or conceptual meaning (what the message is about)
Analysis: {information, meaning, logic}

Affective content → the emotional and motivational tone (how the message feels)
Analysis: {emotion, motivation, relational cues}

Simple: Cognitive tells what. Affective signals how to feel and how the relationship stands.

Examples:

• “The meeting is at 3pm.” → mostly cognitive
  
• “I really appreciate your help!” → mostly affective
  
• “We need that report ASAP!” → both (information + urgency/pressure)

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Success criteria are a set of measurable indicators that define what high-quality (i.e., desirable) results look like.

• Examples:
  • Party → {everyone has fun, great food, good attendance}
  • Novel → {readers love it, captivating plot, interesting characters, seminal takeaways}
  • New Car → {good price, love it, safe, good mileage, reliable}

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Sender role (essence) → {receiver understands intended meaning, high likelihood of intended response}

Sender role (empowering fundamentals) → {accurate, clear, concise, complete, logical, persuasive, audience-appropriate, engaging, action-oriented}

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Receiver role (essence) → {accurately understand intended meaning, respond in the best way}

Receiver role (empowering fundamentals) → {active processing, skilled decoding, clarifying questions, paraphrasing}

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Paraphrasing is a listening skill where the receiver restates the sender’s message in their own words to check that they’ve understood the intended meaning.

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Conclusion: No.

Reasoning:

1. Definitions:

   1. Predisposition: A tendency to act in a certain way.
   2. Bias: A predisposition that results in unfairness, distortion, or systematic error.
   3. Warranted: Justified with good reasons or evidence.

2. Bias is typically a warrantless or unjustified predisposition—something that distorts thinking, judgment, or decision-making.

3. If a predisposition is based on solid evidence, reasoning, or experience, it’s better described as a justified belief.

4. A justified belief is valuable. Example: A doctor is predisposed to test for malaria in patients returning from sub-Saharan Africa because malaria is common there. This isn’t a bias—it’s a justified belief.

5. Summary: A warranted predisposition is not a bias. Bias implies error or unfairness. A justified predisposition is generally a strength—an efficient guide to action based on evidence.

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