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An autocommand is code that looks for events (such as entering a buffer, saving a file, or leaving insert mode) and takes actions in response.

Examples of autocommand use:

1. Save a file when the user switches from insert mode to normal mode.
2. Highlight trailing whitespace when opening a file.
3. Automatically set filetype settings when opening certain file extensions.

Example Vim autocommand syntax:

" Save file on leaving insert mode
autocmd InsertLeave * write

" Highlight trailing whitespace
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile * match ErrorMsg '\s\+$'

" Set filetype to markdown for .md files
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.md set filetype=markdown