Tree Diagrams with Box Drawing Characters

Goals

1. Describe tree diagrams.
2. Describe box drawing characters.
3. Skillfully draw tree diagrams with box drawing characters.

Tree Diagrams (What)

Tree diagram ⇔ A tree diagram is a diagram that represents a hierarchy of items as nodes connected by branching lines from a single root..

Analysis: (diagram + hierarchical + single root + items (nodes) + branching)

Box Drawing Characters

Box-drawing characters are a set of 128 special Unicode (universal character set) symbols designed to create straight lines, corners, and intersections within plain text. They allow people to draw boxes, tables, flow diagrams, and tree diagrams directly in text editors, terminals, or documents without using graphics.

Here are some examples.

• ├ U+251C ─── “branch” (left tee)
• └ U+2514 ─── “corner” (end of branch)
• ─ U+2500 ─── horizontal line
• ── (two horizontals in a row, often used after ├ or └)

Tree Diagram with Box Drawing Characters

Long-Term Memory
├── Explicit (Declarative)
│   ├── Semantic (facts, concepts)
│   └── Episodic (events, experiences)
└── Implicit (Non-Declarative)
    ├── Procedural (skills, habits)
    ├── Priming
    └── Conditioning

Persuasion "Why"
├── Value (Payoff)
│   ├── Rewards vs. drawbacks
│   ├── Alignment with personal values/identity (internal)
│   └── Efficiency, ease, convenience
├── Risk (Avoiding Loss)
│   ├── Direct risk or harm
│   ├── Missed opportunities (loss aversion)
│   └── Reducing uncertainty, preventing regret
├── Social (Others)
│   ├── Social proof (what others are doing)
│   ├── Group identity & belonging (engineers, professionals, peers)
│   ├── Reciprocity / fairness
│   └── Reputation, status
└── Logic & Emotion (Sense-Making & Feeling)
    ├── Evidence, reasoning, comparisons
    ├── Emotional payoffs (pride, joy, relief)
    ├── Emotional costs avoided (fear, guilt, embarrassment)
    └── Larger meaning or purpose (growth, contribution)

Statics — Fundamentals
├── Foundations & Modeling
│   ├── Units & dimensions (SI, USCS)
│   ├── Vectors & coordinates (components, dot/cross)
│   ├── Idealizations (particle, rigid body; 2D/3D)
│   ├── Loads: forces, couples, distributed loads
│   └── Supports & constraints (pin, roller, fixed; DOF)
├── Forces & Moments
│   ├── Resultants & component resolution
│   ├── Moment of a force; Varignon’s theorem
│   └── Force–couple equivalence; system reduction (2D/3D)
├── Equilibrium
│   ├── Free-body diagrams (FBDs)
│   ├── Particle equilibrium (∑F = 0)
│   ├── Rigid-body equilibrium
│   │   ├── 2D: ∑Fx = 0, ∑Fy = 0, ∑M = 0
│   │   └── 3D: vector ∑F = 0, ∑M = 0
│   └── Determinacy vs. indeterminacy; solvability
├── Structures & Internal Forces
│   ├── Trusses (joints, sections, zero-force members)
│   ├── Frames & machines (multi-force members; internal forces)
│   └── Beams
│       ├── Distributed loads → resultants
│       └── Shear & moment diagrams (dV/dx = −w, dM/dx = V)
├── Distributed Effects & Centers
│   ├── Resultant of distributed loads
│   ├── Centroids (area/mass; composite bodies)
│   └── Hydrostatics (pressure on surfaces; center of pressure)
├── Area Moments of Inertia
│   ├── Second moment of area (Ix, Iy, J)
│   ├── Parallel-axis theorem
│   └── Product of inertia; principal axes
├── Friction
│   ├── Dry (Coulomb) friction; impending motion
│   ├── Wedges, screws, collars; belt friction
│   └── Rolling resistance / bearings (intro)
└── Energy & Virtual Work (optional)
    ├── Work of forces/couples; equilibrium via energy
    └── Stability (potential energy minima; small perturbations)


Critical Thinking
├── Purpose & Framing
│   ├── Define the issue/question & goal state
│   ├── Stakeholders, context, constraints
│   └── Scope & assumptions (what’s in / out)
├── Claims & Arguments
│   ├── Claim (conclusion) + reasons (premises)
│   ├── Assumptions / warrants; standard form; mapping
│   └── Objections, rebuttals, and steelmanning
├── Evidence & Information Quality
│   ├── Source credibility & provenance (who, how, why)
│   ├── Data quality: measurement, sampling, bias in info
│   └── Triangulation, replication, update on new evidence
├── Concepts & Definitions
│   ├── Clear terms; operational definitions
│   ├── Distinctions & categories (CEME)
│   └── Avoid equivocation; name the frame
├── Logic & Inference
│   ├── Deduction: validity, soundness
│   ├── Induction & analogy: strength, representativeness
│   ├── Causal reasoning: counterfactuals, confounders
│   └── Common fallacies & error patterns
├── Quant & Uncertainty
│   ├── Base rates, probabilities; Bayes (lite)
│   ├── Expected value: payoff = rewards − drawbacks
│   └── Risk, variance, sensitivity; communicate uncertainty
├── Alternatives & Counterfactuals
│   ├── Generate options; competing hypotheses
│   ├── Disconfirming tests / falsification
│   └── Opportunity cost & “what if not?”
├── Values, Ethics, & Payoffs
│   ├── Criteria & trade-offs (multi-criteria, weights)
│   ├── Ethical constraints; externalities & fairness
│   └── Identity alignment (internal) vs. group norms (external)
├── Decision & Action
│   ├── Compare options (dominance, satisficing, thresholds)
│   ├── Feasibility & preconditions; plan the steps
│   └── Commit, monitor, and capture lessons
├── Communication & Persuasion
│   ├── Structure: issue → claim → reasons → evidence → objections
│   ├── Audience filters: Value, Risk, Identity, Clarity, Autonomy
│   └── Visuals: tables, diagrams, argument maps
├── Metacognition & Bias (People)
│   ├── Cognitive biases; emotion/tilt management
│   ├── Checklists, pre-mortems, devil’s advocate
│   └── Calibrate confidence; keep a prediction log
└── Practice with Feedback (TwFs)
    ├── Tasks → feedback → revise (deliberate practice)
    ├── Assessment (Bloom levels; performance samples)
    └── Growth loops: track outcomes → update beliefs & habits